It has a great advantage over the written word as is it does not need to be translated for use to anyone in the world. It can be used to make comparison, to distort information, emphasize and to document social conditions as it registers facts, ideas, and even emotions with greater accuracy than the human eyes.
Photograph maybe described as a reasonably stable image made by the effect of light on a chemical substance.
The term photography may have been first used by Antoine Hercules Florence in 1833.
The coining of the word "photography" is usually attributed to Sir John Herschel in 1839. It is based on the Greek words photos meaning "light" and "graphos" meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light".
History Of Photography
The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of the principle of the camera obscura (a dark room) and the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. As far as is known, nobody thought of bringing these two phenomena together to capture camera images in permanent form until around 1800, when Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented although unsuccessful attempt.
Tracing history down the memory lane in China during the fifth century a man named Mo Ti, was said to have recorded his observation of light rays and their ability to project a duplicate image. He noticed that reflection passed through a pinhole onto a dark surface, an inverted image of the object was evident on the darker surface.
Before this breakthrough Hercules Florence had already studied ways of permanently fixing camera obscura images in 1832 which was named Photographia. The result was never published adequately, because he was an obscure inventor living in a remote and undeveloped province.It is an art form invented in 1830s which became publicly recognized ten years later.Photography today is the largest growing hobby in the worldwide hardware alone creating a multi-billion industry.
Camera Obscura or even Shutter speed is nor have many heard of Henri Cartier Bresson or even Annie Leibovitz. Mo Ti and the Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid had earlier described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Taking a look back today we see how this fascinating technique was created and Developed, because proudly knowing the past is the primary way to create a
Great future.
The First Photograph
Nicephore Niepce Joseph a Frenchman started an experiment in to make permanent photograph on paper,
The date of Niepce's first photographic experiments is uncertain. He was led to them by his
Interest in the new art of lithography, for which he realized he lacked the necessary skill and artistic ability, and by his acquaintance with the camera obscura, a drawing aid which was popular among affluent dilettantes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The camera obscura's beautiful but fleeting little "light paintings" inspired a number of people, including
Thomas Wedgwood and Henry Fox Talbot, to seek some way of capturing them more easily
and effectively than could be done by tracing over them with a pencil.
Letters to his sister-in-law around 1816 indicate that Niepce had managed to capture small camera images on paper coated with silver chloride, making him apparently the first to have any success at all in such an attempt, but the results were negatives, dark where they should be light and vice versa, and he could find no way to stop them from darkening all over when brought into the light for viewing.
Niepce turned his attention to other substances that were affected by light, eventually Concentrating on Bitumen of Judea, a naturally occurring asphalt that had been used for various purposes since ancient times. In Niepce's time, it was used by artists as an acid-resistant coating on copper plates for making etchings. The artist scratched a drawing through the coating, then bathed the plate in acid to etch the exposed areas, then removed the coating with a solvent and used the plate to print ink copies of the drawing onto paper.
What interested Niepce was the fact that the bitumen coating became less soluble after it
had been left exposed to light.
Niepce dissolved bitumen in lavender oil, a solvent often used in varnishes, and thinly coated it onto a lithographic stone or a sheet of metal or glass. After the coating had dried, a test subject, typically an engraving printed on paper, was laid over the surface in close contact and the two were put out in direct sunlight. After sufficient exposure, the solvent could be used to rinse away only the unhardened bitumen that had been shielded from light by lines or dark areas in the test subject. The parts of the surface thus laid bare could then be etched with acid, or the remaining bitumen could serve as the water-repellent material in
lithographic printing. He made the first photographic image with a camera obscura which was known as Heliograph or Sun Print which later became the prototype of modern photograph. Prior to this, the camera obscura is mainly for viewing or drawing purposes and not for making photographs.
In 1829, Niepce entered into a partnership with Louis Daguerre, who was also seeking a means of creating permanent photographic images with a camera. Together, they developed the physautotype, an improved process that used lavender oil distillate as the photosensitive substance. The partnership lasted until Niépce's death in 1833, after which Daguerre continued to experiment, eventually working out a process that only superficially resembled Niépce's.
He named it the "daguerreotype", after himself. In 1839 he managed to get the government of France to purchase his invention on behalf of the people of France. The French government agreed to award Daguerre a yearly stipend of 6,000 Francs for the rest of his life, and to give the estate of Niepce 4,000 Francs yearly. This arrangement rankled Niepce's son, who claimed Daguerre was reaping all the benefits of his father's work.
In someways, he was right—for many years, Niepce received little credit for his contribution. Later historians have reclaimed Niepce from relative obscurity, and it is now generally recognized that his "heliography" was the first successful example of what we now call "photography": the creation of a reasonably light-fast and permanent image by the action of light on a light-sensitive surface and subsequent processing.
Although initially ignored amid the excitement caused by the introduction of the Daguerreotype, and far too insensitive to be practical for making photographs with a camera,
The utility of Niepce's original process for its primary purpose was eventually realized. From
the 1850s until well into the 20th century, a thin coating of bitumen was widely used as a
slow but very effective and economical photo-resist for making printing plates.
One of the oldest photographic portraits known, 1839 or 1840, made by John William Draper of his sister,
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