Information Research Center

ADVERTISING - An Introduction

WHAT IS ADVERTISING? 
When a product is manufactured, its existence needs to be made known to 
 the general public, otherwise the product will not sell. Advertising draws the attention of potential consumers to a product. Advertising is a way persuading potential customers to buy the 
 product. Advertising informs potential customers of the products 
 functions and features. Good advertising creates a demand for a 
 product. 
 
Good advertising may even create a brand identity for a 
 product or series of products. Advertising seeks to create an image 
 surrounding a product, so that customers feel that they need it. Advertising can promote a new product and increase sales of existing 
 products.  
 
Advertising is an audio or visual form of marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. Sponsors of advertising are often businesses who wish to promote their products or services.
 Advertising is differentiated from public relations in that an 
advertiser usually pays for and has control over the message. It is 
differentiated from personal selling in that the message is non personal,
 i.e., not directed to a particular individual. 
 
Advertising is communicated through various mass media, including old media such as newspapers, magazines, Television, Radio, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as search results,
 blogs, websites or text messages. The actual presentation of the 
message in a medium is referred to as an advertisement or "ad". 
 
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Commercial ads often seek to generate increased consumption of their 
products or services through "branding," which associates a product name
 or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. On the other
 hand, ads that intend to elicit an immediate sale are known as direct 
response advertising. Non-commercial
 advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer 
product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious
 organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may 
use free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. Advertising may also be used to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. 
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<tr><td class="style7" colspan="2" width="96%">STAGES OF ADVERTISING</td>
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 <td class="style2" colspan="2" width="96%">Advertising begins to work when the general public become aware of a 
 products existence. Advertising then aims to develop customer interest, so 
 that potential customers want to know more about the product. This should 
 be followed by potential customers feeling a need to own the product and 
 finally purchasing. </td><td class="style2" colspan="2" width="96%"></td></tr>
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DIFFERENT METHODS OF ADVERTISING 
 
Placing advertisements on TV, running as commercials between programmes. 
 
Product placement in TV programmes, such as a well known actor 
 drinking from a branded can. 
 
Audio advertisements on the radio. 
 
Printed advertisements in a newspaper or magazine. 
 
Place 
 advertisements on the Internet, through one of the major search engines 
 such as Google. 
 
Sports sponsorship, such as Formula One Racing. 
 
Direct Marketing, sending letters / leaflets to the homes of potential 
 customers. 
 
Telephone marketing, attempts to interest potential 
 customers by ringing them directly. 
 
Logos and symbols on clothing.

ADVERTISING - An Introduction

WHAT IS ADVERTISING? When a product is manufactured, its existence needs to be made known to the general public, otherwise the product ...

Introduction To Tv Production (Part One)

Television Production - The entire process of creating a program may involve 
developing a script, creating a budget, hiring creative talent, 
designing a set, and rehearsing lines before filming takes place. After 
filming, the post-production process may include video editing and the 
addition of sound, music, and optical effects. 

 
The three basic forms of television programs are fictional, 
nonfictional, and live television. Fictional programs include daytime 
soap operas; situation comedies; dramatic series; and motion pictures 
made for television, including the mini-series (a multiple-part movie). 
The basic nonfictional, or reality, programs include game shows, talk 
shows, news, and magazine shows (informational shows exploring a variety
 of news stories in an entertainment format). Live television is 
generally restricted to sports, awards shows, news coverage, and several
 network daily talk shows. 
 
 
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Most television programs are produced by production companies 
unrelated to the television networks and licensed to the networks. The 
network creates the financing for the production by selling commercial 
time to sponsors. 
Have you ever thought what goes behind any television programme production? Or, have you ever noticed the names of the people involved in production process that appear on television after the programme ends? You may not have bothered to look at all the names which appear on the television screen at the end of the 
programme. But you must know that a whole range of personnel and equipments are involved in making a television programme. 
 
While watching television, as viewers, we are largely unaware of the production complexities. But professional television production, regardless of whether it is done in a television studio or in the field is a complex creative process in which many people and machines interact to bring a variety of messages and information to a large audience. 
 
 
PROGRAMME PRODUCTION STAGES 
Let us consider a situation in which you are expecting some guests for dinner. 
 
What preparations will you make? 
 
First of all, you need to decide the menu. Then you will arrange for all the vegetables and such other ingredients required for the preparation of food items. You may have to go to the market for buying the 
ingredients. Now after arranging for everything, you will start preparing the food. This again involves all the key ingredients to be mixed at the right time in the right quantity. Once the food is prepared, comes the presentation stage wherein you will put the various items prepared in different utensils and after garnishing , they will be ready to be served on the dining table. 
 
So you have seen that there were three stages in the making of various food items. In stage one, you arranged for everything required for preparing the food items. In stage two, you actually prepared the food items and in the third stage, you presented them on the dining table. 
Now imagine you have to produce a television programme. In a similar manner as above, you will first arrange everything required for the programme production. In the second stage you will actually carry on the production process, and thirdly you will polish the product for the final presentation on television. Thus, we can divide the entire production process into three major stages. 
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" /></div>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are three stages of programme production.                                                    
1. Pre production 
2. Production 
3. Post production 
 
Pre-Production. 
This stage includes everything you do before entering the studio or reaching the shooting location. It involves idea generation, research, scripting, discussions with all the crew members and talents (actors), arranging equipment, video / audio tapes, properties, costumes, sets designing or location hunting and booking of 
editing shifts. 
The first thing to know about any and every production is what you want the programme to look like, just like you need to know what you want to cook. This is the pre production stage. You need a clear idea of what you want to make. Only then will you be able to make a good programme, understandable by the 
audience. Once the idea is clear, the next stage is how to get from the idea to the 
television image. To translate an idea on screen effectively you need a good and 
detailed script. In all it involves planning everything in advance. This is very essential to get desired results. If you have all the raw ingredients ready in your kitchen, you can easily cook the food. Similarly, if you have worked well in this stage of programme production, the other two stages become easy and workable. 
 
Production 
This is the stage when you are on the studio floor or on location and are ready to shoot or are actually shooting. (You can compare this to the situation when you were in the kitchen carrying out the process of cooking food). It includes managing all the facilities, handling of talent and crew members, controlling the 
crowd, shooting without hurdles and solving any problem related on the spot at that time. 
 
Post-Production 
This is the third stage of programme production. It is the stage when you get the final shape of the programme, just like the way you garnished every food item to be presented on the dining table. It includes cutting the recorded visuals into appropriate length, arranging the visuals in a proper sequence, use of desired 
effects for the visuals or text / captions, commentary rerecording, music/song recording, and final assembly of the entire programme.

Introduction To Tv Production (Part One)

Television Production - The entire process of creating a program may involve developing a script, creating a budget, hiring creative talen...

History of Advertisement

<h2 id="aria-article-main-label">
A brief history of advertisement. </h2>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
Advertising has changed over the years. We take a look back in time. The history of advertising can be traced to ancient civilizations.</h1>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
In 1477 William Caxton printed what could be described as Britain’s 
first advert, for a book called The Pyes of Salisbury. But advertising 
goes back much earlier than Caxton’s days; almost certainly it emerged 
alongside trading. From simply displaying ones wares outside, to 
painting murals to entice customers, the roots of advertising run deep.</h1>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
 Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another 
manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this 
day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of 
wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock art paintings that date back to 4000 BC.</h1>
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<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
In ancient China, the earliest advertising known was oral, as recorded in the Classic of Poetry
 (11th to 7th centuries BC) of bamboo flutes played to sell candy. 
Advertisement usually takes in the form of calligraphic signboards and 
inked papers. A copper printing plate dated back to the Song dynasty used to print posters in the form of a square sheet of paper with a rabbit logo with "Jinan
 Liu's Fine Needle Shop" and "We buy high quality steel rods and make 
fine quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time" written 
above and below is considered the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.</h1>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
In Europe, as the towns and cities of the Middle Ages
 began to grow, and the general population was unable to read, instead of 
signs that read "cobbler", "miller", "tailor", or "blacksmith" would use
 an image associated with their trade such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a 
clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits 
and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and 
wagons and their proprietors used street callers (town criers)
 to announce their whereabouts for the convenience of the customers. Three forms of advertising existed during the pre printing 
period.before 15 century.that forms were trade marks(moon,stars 
etc),town criers and sign board. </h1>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
In the 18th century advertisements started to appear in weekly 
newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly
 to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable 
with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after as modern people rejected traditional cures. However, false advertising and "Quackery"
 became common. </h1>
<h1 id="aria-article-main-label">
In London <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Barratt" title="Thomas J. Barratt">Thomas J. Barratt</a> was hailed as "the father of modern advertising". Working for the Pears Soap
 company, Barratt created an effective advertising campaign for the 
company products, which involved the use of targeted slogans, images and
 phrases. One of his slogans, "Good morning. Have you used Pears' soap?"
 was famous in its day and into the 20th century. </h1>

History of Advertisement

A brief history of advertisement. Advertising has changed over the years. We take a look back in time. The history of advertising ca...

Early Days Of Photography in Nigeria

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn31GPrh69g5UFC5xSQzfjVWvs0DoVzStC7neHiMzj4efzZ4G0dYgZn-rSbE6NKw8VyRsxjDWyyeJyqUD-Qajz_vhPRkIPkZfkoLUWuYWVCQaJz9ePAB_AEifDjfYXe66KqPs0Fj5gkmeq/s1600/nig2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn31GPrh69g5UFC5xSQzfjVWvs0DoVzStC7neHiMzj4efzZ4G0dYgZn-rSbE6NKw8VyRsxjDWyyeJyqUD-Qajz_vhPRkIPkZfkoLUWuYWVCQaJz9ePAB_AEifDjfYXe66KqPs0Fj5gkmeq/s1600/nig2.jpeg" /></a></div>
The Eliot Elisof on Photographic Archives maintains a rich visual history of Nigeria through its collection of late 19th- to early 20th-century albums, postcards, glass plate negatives, archival photographs, and color slides. This year marks the 100th anniversary of Nigeria’s existence as an amalgamated country (1914–2014), and we celebrate this history by looking at 100 years of photography in Nigeria with a special focus on African photographers. Through the archival record, the history of African photography by African photographers is now being rediscovered by researchers and scholars of African art, history, and photography. 
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</div>
While photography was introduced in Africa shortly after its invention in 1839, it was limited to entrepreneurs or expatriates who could afford large format cameras and equipment and had access to chemicals for the wet plate process. When dry glass plates and later roll film became available in the late 19th to early 20th century, many West Africans took up the profession of photography. Some were highly successful and profited from this new venture. Solomon Osagie Alonge was one of these early photographers; his images have not circulated outside Nigeria and are, until now, unknown to most Western audiences. 
 
Historic Postcards 
 
Postcards became an important commercial enterprise for local photography studios and businesses in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Early postcards from Nigeria show cased local cultures, personalities, industries, and hand-colored views of Lagos and surrounding areas. Today, these postcards preserve an important record of the work of local photographers and are critical resources in researching the histories of 
African photography.

Early Days Of Photography in Nigeria

The Eliot Elisof on Photographic Archives maintains a rich visual history of Nigeria through its collection of late 19th- to early 20th-ce...

Genesis Of Modern Photojournalism

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</div>
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism
 (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for 
publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news 
story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but 
in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast 
journalism. 
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Genesis Of Modern Photojournalism

Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadc...

Photojournalism Review (Part One)

<b style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; color: #222222; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (e.g.,documentary photography,social documentary photography, street 
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photography or celebrity photography ) by complying with a rigid ethical framework which demands that the work be both honest and impartial whilst telling the story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the news media. 
 
Requirements Of Photojournalism 
<dl style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; color: #222222; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<dt style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Timeliness</dt>
<dd style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events.</dd></dl>
<dl style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; color: #222222; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<dt style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </dt>
<dt style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Objectivity</dt>
<dd style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone.</dd></dl>
<dl style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; color: #222222; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<dt style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </dt>
<dt style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Narrative</dt>
<dd style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to the viewer or reader on a cultural level.</dd></dl>
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Like a writer, a photojournalist is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Reporter">reporter</a>, but he or she must often make decisions instantly and carry <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: 0px none; color: #5a3696; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Camera">photographic equipment</a>, often while exposed to significant obstacles (e.g., physical danger, weather, crowds, physical access).</div>
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Photojournalists have a moral responsibility to decide what pictures to take, what picture to stage, and what pictures to show the public. For example, photographs of violence and tragedy are prevalent in American journalism because as an understated rule of thumb, that "if it bleeds, it leads". The public is attracted to gruesome photographs and dramatic stories. A lot of controversy arises when deciding which photographs are too violent to show the public.</div>

Photojournalism Review (Part One)

Photojournalism is a parti cular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcas...

Breif History Of Photography

According to Spencer (1973), Photography is the art, science, and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film, or electronically by means of an image sensor. 
 
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It has a great advantage over the written word as is it does not need to be translated for use to anyone in the world. It can be used to make comparison, to distort information, emphasize and to document social conditions as it registers facts, ideas, and even emotions with greater accuracy than the human eyes. 
Photograph maybe described as a reasonably stable image made by the effect of light on a chemical substance. 
The term photography may have been first used by Antoine Hercules Florence in 1833. 
The coining of the word "photography" is usually attributed to Sir John Herschel in 1839. It is based on the Greek words photos meaning "light" and "graphos"  meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light". 
 
History Of Photography 
 
The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of the principle of the camera obscura (a dark room) and the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. As far as is known, nobody thought of bringing these two phenomena together to capture camera images in permanent form until around 1800, when Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented although unsuccessful attempt. 
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Tracing history down the memory lane in China during the fifth century a man named Mo Ti, was said to have recorded his observation of light rays and their ability to project a duplicate image. He noticed that reflection passed through a pinhole onto a dark surface, an inverted image of the object was evident on the darker surface. 
 
Before this breakthrough Hercules Florence had already studied ways of permanently fixing camera obscura images in 1832 which was named Photographia. The result was never published adequately, because he was an obscure inventor living in a remote and undeveloped province.It is an art form invented in 1830s which became publicly recognized ten years later.Photography today is the largest growing hobby in the worldwide hardware alone creating a multi-billion industry. 
 
Camera Obscura or even Shutter speed is nor have many heard of Henri Cartier Bresson or even Annie Leibovitz. Mo Ti and the Greek mathematicians Aristotle and Euclid had earlier described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Taking a look back today we see how this fascinating technique was created and Developed, because proudly knowing the past is the primary way to create a 
Great future. 
 
The First Photograph 
 
Nicephore Niepce Joseph a Frenchman started an experiment in to make permanent photograph on paper, 
The date of Niepce's first photographic experiments is uncertain. He was led to them by his 
Interest in the new art of lithography, for which he realized he lacked the necessary skill and artistic ability, and by his acquaintance with the camera obscura, a drawing aid which was popular among affluent dilettantes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 
 
The camera obscura's beautiful but fleeting little "light paintings" inspired a number of people, including 
Thomas Wedgwood and Henry Fox Talbot, to seek some way of capturing them more easily 
and effectively than could be done by tracing over them with a pencil. 
 
Letters to his sister-in-law around 1816 indicate that Niepce had managed to capture small camera images on paper coated with silver chloride, making him apparently the first to have any success at all in such an attempt, but the results were negatives, dark where they should be light and vice versa, and he could find no way to stop them from darkening all over when brought into the light for viewing. 
 
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Niepce turned his attention to other substances that were affected by light, eventually Concentrating on Bitumen of Judea, a naturally occurring asphalt that had been used for various purposes since ancient times. In Niepce's time, it was used by artists as an acid-resistant coating on copper plates for making etchings. The artist scratched a drawing through the coating, then bathed the plate in acid to etch the exposed areas, then removed the coating with a solvent and used the plate to print ink copies of the drawing onto paper. 
What interested Niepce was the fact that the bitumen coating became less soluble after it 
had been left exposed to light. 
 
Niepce dissolved bitumen in lavender oil, a solvent often used in varnishes, and thinly coated it onto a lithographic stone or a sheet of metal or glass. After the coating had dried, a test subject, typically an engraving printed on paper, was laid over the surface in close contact and the two were put out in direct sunlight. After sufficient exposure, the solvent could be used to rinse away only the unhardened bitumen that had been shielded from light by lines or dark areas in the test subject. The parts of the surface thus laid bare could then be etched with acid, or the remaining bitumen could serve as the water-repellent material in 
lithographic printing. He made the first photographic image with a camera obscura which was known as Heliograph or Sun Print which later became the prototype of modern photograph. Prior to this, the camera obscura is mainly for viewing or drawing purposes and not for making photographs. 
 
In 1829, Niepce entered into a partnership with Louis Daguerre, who was also seeking a means of creating permanent photographic images with a camera. Together, they developed the physautotype, an improved process that used lavender oil distillate as the photosensitive substance. The partnership lasted until Niépce's death in 1833, after which Daguerre continued to experiment, eventually working out a process that only superficially resembled Niépce's. 
 
He named it the "daguerreotype", after himself. In 1839 he managed to get the government of France to purchase his invention on behalf of the people of France. The French government agreed to award Daguerre a yearly stipend of 6,000 Francs for the rest of his life, and to give the estate of Niepce 4,000 Francs yearly. This arrangement rankled Niepce's son, who claimed Daguerre was reaping all the benefits of his father's work. 
 
In someways, he was right—for many years, Niepce received little credit for his contribution. Later historians have reclaimed Niepce from relative obscurity, and it is now generally recognized that his "heliography" was the first successful example of what we now call "photography": the creation of a reasonably light-fast and permanent image by the action of light on a light-sensitive surface and subsequent processing. 
 
Although initially ignored amid the excitement caused by the introduction of the Daguerreotype, and far too insensitive to be practical for making photographs with a camera, 
The utility of Niepce's original process for its primary purpose was eventually realized. From 
the 1850s until well into the 20th century, a thin coating of bitumen was widely used as a 
slow but very effective and economical photo-resist for making printing plates. 
 
One of the oldest photographic portraits known, 1839 or 1840,  made by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Draper" title="John William Draper">John William Draper</a> of his sister, 
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Dorothy Catherine Draper.

Breif History Of Photography

According to Spencer (1973), Photography is the art, science, and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromag...

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